Monday, May 3, 2010

Collinding Galaxies

http://regmedia.co.uk/2008/04/24/colliding_galaxies.jpg
http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/Images/bios/deMello/CollidingGalaxies.jpg
http://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/web/1008_web.jpg

Friday, April 30, 2010

Astronomy Cast-Observations 2

http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/ep-79-how-big-is-the-universe/
This episode is the sequel to the episode that I last listened to. It discusses how big the universe is. It starts by discussing how much of the universe we can actually see and we get a distance of somewhere between 70 and 80 billion light-years, although the universe has only existed for a fraction of this time. This is because of the rapidly expanding universe due to dark energy. It then talked about how large we think the universe is and the relatively small amount of the universe that is visible to us.

Astronomy cast-Observation 1

http://www.astronomycast.com/astronomy/ep-78-what-is-the-shape-of-the-universe/
This Astronomy cast was on the shape of the universe and started becoming very confusing to me near the end of it. At first, they talked about how in our universe, physics only allows for light to travel at a certain speed which allows for us to see only objects within a certain amount of light-years from the earth, somewhere around 10-20 billion light-years, since that is how old the universe is, or seems to be. Then they started talking about how the universe is flat, as opposed to open or closed. This is where I became confused with the astronomy cast and was confused for the rest of the time remaining.

4th Quarter Essay-Jan H. Oort

Jan H. Oort was a Dutch astronomer who was born on April 28th, 1900 and died on November 5th, 1992. He was also one of the few people that got to experience Haley’s Comet twice in his life time. Jan Oort made many innovative discoveries in the field of radio Astronomy. Jan H. Oort discovered much of the dynamics of the Milky Way galaxy, the mass of the cosmos and the origin of comets. He used mathematics to come up with the hypothesis of the Oort cloud. He also found that the light coming from the Crab Nebula was polarized. Jan Oort won many awards and had many honors in the field of astronomy.
Jan H. Oort discovered much about the Milky Way Galaxy’s dynamics. First of all, he discovered that in fact the sun was not at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy and that it is actually about 30,000 light-years from the center of the galaxy. He also showed that the galactic center was in the constellation Sagittarius. He also said that it takes the sun about 22 million years to rotate the Galactic center once, and he showed that stars that are closer to the center of the galaxy are moving at a faster rate than ones that are farther away. Through his studies of galactic motion, Jan Oort also discovered the invisible ‘dark matter’ that makes up about 90% of the universe. Oort also discovered the vast cloud of possibly 100,000 million comets, known today as the Oort cloud. He discovered this region through studying where comets come from and discovered that they came from a region far beyond Pluto. He discovered that the average aphelion of the comets was about 100,000 AU and that the Oort cloud ranged from about 50,000 AU to 150,000 AU from the sun.
Jan Oort also made many contributions to the field of radio astronomy and was a pioneer in its field. He was one of only a few astronomers of the time to realize the potential of radio wave telescopes to search the skies. His theoretical research of radio waves suggested that vast clouds of hydrogen lingered in the spiral arms of the milky way galaxy and that these clouds could be seen using a radio telescope. He also predicted that these clouds were the birthplaces of stars. After WWII, Oort was able to confirm his theories of these clouds in the new Dutch radio telescope observatories.
Jan Oort won many awards and honors for his work in the field of astronomy. The medals he won were the Bruce Medal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, the Henry Norris Russell Lectureship of the American Astronomical Society, the Gouden Ganzeveer, the Karl Schwarzschild Medal of the Astronomische Gesellschaft, and the Balzan Prize for Astrophysics. Jan H. Oort also had the Oort cloud named after him, an asteroid in the asteroid belt, and the Oort constants of galactic structure.

*Encyclopedia of the Solar System by Lucy-Ann Mcfadden, Paul R. Weissman, Torrence V. Johnson; Academic Press, 2007.
*http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMBPC2PGQD_index_0.html

APOD 4.4

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100429.html
This picture is of the barred spiral galaxy, NGC 4731, in the constellation Virgo. The constellation is about 65 million light years away and has many young stars. Its spiral arms are distorted by a companion galaxy, NGC 4697. This picture interested me because it is a barred spiral galaxy, like the Milky Way Galaxy.

APOD 4.3

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100419.html
This picture was very interesting to me because of the sheer magnificance of the photo. It shows two lightning bolts next to a huge plume of ash rising from the recently erupted volcano in Iceland. The volcano began erupting on March 20th and a second eruption occured on April 14th. The second volcanic eruption occured from under a glacier and caused a lot of ash to rise.

APOD 4.2

http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap100418.html

This APOD picture was very interesting to me because it shows a huge prominence explosion on the sun, one of the biggest eruptive explosions that has been recorded. A prominence is a cloud of hot solar gas that is held above the Sun's surface by its magnetic field. Prominences may erupt in a CME-Coronal Mass Ejection and violently expel hot gas into the solar system.